牡蛎诺如病毒受体合成基因类FUT10的克隆与组织表达

目的 克隆太平洋牡蛎类FUT10基因的cDNA序列,探究类FUT10 mRNA在牡蛎各组织中的表达差异.方法 基于同源比对方法,利用cDNA末端快速扩增(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)技术克隆完整的类FUT10基因,通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time qua...     

牡蛎复合提取物缓解体力疲劳的作用研究

目的考察牡蛎复合提取物缓解体力疲劳的作用。方法将160只ICR(institute of cancer research)雄性小鼠随机分为阴性对照组、牡蛎复合提取物低(0.30 g/kg)、中(0.60 g/kg)、高剂量(1.80 g/kg)组,每组40只,连续灌胃给药30 d后,测定小鼠负重游泳时间、游泳后血清尿素、血乳酸含量和肝糖原含量。结果与阴性对照组相比,牡蛎复合提取物高剂量组(1.80 g/kg)能显著延长负重小鼠的游泳时间(P0.05),降低游泳后血清尿素含量(P0.05),增加小鼠肝糖原含量(P0.05),但不能显著减少小鼠血乳酸含量(P0.05)。结论高剂量牡蛎复合提取物具有缓解体力疲劳的功效。     

秘鲁鱿鱼不同组织营养成分分析与评价

为实现秘鲁鱿鱼资源的高值化利用,分析秘鲁鱿鱼不同组织(头部、肌肉、内脏、眼部和颈部)的基本营养组成、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成和矿物质元素含量,比较其不同组织的营养特性。结果表明,秘鲁鱿鱼不同组织之间营养组成存在显著差异。不同组织水分含量均在75%以上,眼部水分含量最高(84.85%);肌肉的粗蛋白含量最高(18.21%)且粗脂肪含量最低(0.33%);内脏的粗脂肪(2.75%)和总糖(0.60%)含量均显著高于其它组织。所有组织均含有18种氨基酸,且不同组织的必需氨基酸含量占比均大于36%。每种必需氨基酸的氨基酸评分(amino acid score,AAS)大多数在0.60以上,化学评分(chemical score,CS)大多数低于鸡蛋蛋白模式。不同组织分别检测出8种~11种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量均大于64%,眼部的多不饱和脂肪酸含量最高(76.30%),肌肉组织的二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)含量最高(46.83%),颈部的二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic Acid,EPA)和DHA占比最高(61.49%)。所有组织中常量元素K、Na和P含量最为丰富,内脏中Mg、Ca、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Se的含量远高于其它组织。     

长牡蛎肉小肽营养液的研制

研究长牡蛎肉小肽营养液制备的工艺条件。先以水解度为指标,确定长牡蛎肉中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶单酶的最适水解条件,通过正交试验确定各单酶水解的最佳工艺条件;然后以此为基础进行三酶复合试验,根据水解度确定最佳工艺条件,制备长牡蛎肉水解液;最后以该水解液为原料,通过正交试验确定最佳配方,按最佳配方制备小肽营养液。在最佳工艺条件下,长牡蛎肉三酶复合水解度达52.97%,经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳测定,小肽峰值相对分子质量范围在300～1 000之间;17种游离氨基酸含量500.16 mg/100 mL;小肽营养液最佳配方:水解液(mL)∶蔗糖(g)∶柠檬酸(g)∶氯化钠(g)为100∶10∶0.2∶0.2,游离氨基酸总量≥5 000mg/L。本小肽营养液营养丰富,制备工艺较简单,可应用于长牡蛎肉的高值化开发。     

秘鲁鱿鱼丝加工中回潮工艺的作用机理研究

回潮过程是鱿鱼丝加工中的重要工序,即将经过水煮、一次调味、渗透、干燥的鱿鱼板放入-10～-5℃的冷库冻藏,但此工序在秘鲁鱿鱼丝加工中的作用机理并不清楚,工艺参数无理论依据。本研究以盐溶性蛋白质含量、扫描电镜观察、光学显微镜观察,氧化三甲胺的变化为指标,研究了秘鲁鱿鱼丝加工半成品在-10℃回潮过程中的变化机理,结果表明,在回潮0～6d过程中,蛋白质变性明显,肌原纤维蛋白质空间结构发生改变,形成了稳定的网络结构;氧化三甲胺主要降解产生三甲胺(TMA),只产生少量的二甲胺(DMA)和甲醛(FA)。回潮最佳的时间确定为3～6d,从而为秘鲁鱿鱼丝生产提供理论依据。     

Satellitome Analysis of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Reveals New Pattern of Satellite DNA Organization,Highly Scattered across the Genome

Several features already qualified the invasive bivalve species Crassostrea gigas as a valuable non-standard model organism in genome research. C. gigas is characterized by the low contribution of satellite DNAs (satDNAs) vs. mobile elements and has an extremely low amount of heterochromatin, predominantly built of DNA transposons. In this work, we have identified 52 satDNAs composing the satellitome of C. gigas and constituting about 6.33% of the genome. Satellitome analysis reveals unusual, highly scattered organization of relatively short satDNA arrays across the whole genome. However, peculiar chromosomal distribution and densities are specific for each satDNA. The inspection of the organizational forms of the 11 most abundant satDNAs shows association with constitutive parts of Helitron mobile elements. Nine of the inspected satDNAs are dominantly found in mobile element-associated form, two mostly appear standalone, and only one is present exclusively as Helitron-associated sequence. The Helitron-related satDNAs appear in more chromosomes than other satDNAs, indicating that these mobile elements could be leading satDNA propagation in C. gigas. No significant accumulation of satDNAs on certain chromosomal positions was detected in C. gigas, thus establishing a novel pattern of satDNA organization on the genome level.     

紫菜粉添加对鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶特性及其蛋白结构的影响

为改善秘鲁鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶品质,分析紫菜粉添加量对鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶感官评分、色泽、凝胶强度、持水性、微观结构及其肌原纤维蛋白组成和二级结构的影响,探究紫菜粉改善鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶品质的机理。结果表明：紫菜粉对鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶白度影响显著,添加后鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶色泽偏黄绿色;随着紫菜粉添加量的增加,鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶强度和持水性显著增加,并在添加量0.4%～0.6%时达到最大值,随后凝胶强度开始下降,持水性无显著变化;与对照组相比,添加0.4%～0.6%紫菜粉后,凝胶化鱼糜和鱼糜凝胶中的肌原纤维蛋白的α-螺旋增加,β-折叠下降,紫菜粉能降低肌原纤维蛋白α-螺旋转变为β-折叠的程度,加固凝胶网络结构,提升鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶强度和持水性。结论：适宜的紫菜粉添加量（0.4%～0.6%）通过影响鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶特性及其肌原纤维蛋白二级结构,改善鱿鱼鱼糜凝胶品质。     

响应面优化鱿鱼须酶法脱皮工艺及其质构特性

采用不同蛋白酶进行鱿鱼须脱皮实验,以白度值和原料保留率为指标,筛选出最适蛋白酶。在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken试验设计优化秘鲁鱿鱼须酶法脱皮工艺参数,并通过挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basicnitrogen,TVB-N）含量、质构与显微组织分析样品的新鲜度及质构特性。结果表明,回归模型能较好反映因素水平与响应值的关系,并确定最适酶法脱皮工艺为胰酶添加量0.25%、料液比17∶20（g/mL）、酶解时间20 min,在此条件下,样品的白度值为63.95±0.31,原料保留率为（81.22±0.28）%,TVB-N含量为（27.60±0.34） mg/100 g,且质构特性与肌纤维组织均无显著变化。脱皮后的秘鲁鱿鱼须TVB-N含量符合GB 2733-2005《鲜、冻动物性水产品卫生标准》规定,色泽鲜亮、肉质有弹性、原料保留率高,该工艺适合生产实际需求。     

Insulin-Like Peptide Receptor-Mediated Signaling Pathways Orchestrate Regulation of Growth in the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas), as Revealed by Gene Expression Profiles

The involvement of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathways in the growth regulation of marine invertebrates remains largely unexplored. In this study, we used a fast-growing Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) variety “Haida No.1” as the material with which to unravel the role of IIS systems in growth regulation in oysters. Systematic bioinformatics analyses allowed us to identify major components of the IIS signaling pathway and insulin-like peptide receptor (ILPR)-mediated signaling pathways, including PI3K-AKT, RAS-MAPK, and TOR, in C. gigas. The expression levels of the major genes in IIS and its downstream signaling pathways were significantly higher in “Haida No.1” than in wild oysters, suggesting their involvement in the growth regulation of C. gigas. The expression profiles of IIS and its downstream signaling pathway genes were significantly altered by nutrient abundance and culture temperature. These results suggest that the IIS signaling pathway coupled with the ILPR-mediated signaling pathways orchestrate the regulation of energy metabolism to control growth in Pacific oysters.